Background: The gender-based approach can identify women’s health problems on the basis of biological differences and their social, familial and individual roles. Unequal power relationship between men and women, fewer chances of education and employment, repeated pregnancies, longer life-spans, a greater proportion of the world’s poor, inappropriate familiarity with their health risks increase their need to better benefit from primary healthcare. As determinants of health, poverty and social class indicate that women and especially deprived women require a greater focus on their health. This study attempts to identify modifiable health risk factors of these individuals.Methods: The women-headed households under cover in 11 provincial centers were included in the study. Medical consultation, general physical examination, fasting blood sugar level, blood cell count, lipid profile and systematic examinations, specific examinations of breast, pelvis, mammography and Pap Smear were performed according to the protocol. As a pilot study, 2730 individuals were assessed and their demographic features were obtained.Results: The mean age of participants in the pilot study was 47.6±10.2 years ranging from 22 to 88 years of age.Conclusion: We expect that the study’s findings would provide the opportunity to compare the differences of the special subgroups of vulnerable women with the data available in the country, and if necessary implement changes suitable with the vulnerable groups’ health status

Objective(s): We previously conducted an in silico research on the interactions between the ribosome display-selected single chain variable fragment (scFv) and factor H binding protein (fHbp) of Neisseria meningitidis. We found that heavy chain variable (VH) fragment of this scFv had considerable affinity to fHbp. These results led us to evaluate the ability of this small antibody fragment in binding and detection of fHbp antigen. Materials and Methods: In this study, at first, the three-dimensional structure of VH fragment was simulated by Kotai Antibody Builder web server. By using ClusPro 2. 0 web server, the 3D structure of the soluble form of fHbp (PDB: 2KC0) was docked to the modeled VH fragment to extract the structure of the complex’ s binding. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was carried out using GROMACS 4. 5. 3 package for 65 ns. Secondly, coding sequence of VH fragment was cloned separately and expressed in Escherichia coli. After purification of the VH fragment, its binding activity to fHbp protein was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method. Results: Important amino acids involved in antigen-antibody interaction were identified by analyzing the fHbp-VH complex. The ability of the VH antibody fragment to bind and detect fHbp antigen has been confirmed by the results of in silico analysis, ELISA and SPR methods. Conclusion: These results showed that this small fragment of antibody could be used for designing diagnostic kits.

A 3×2 factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of thymol+carvacrol (0, 100 and 200 mg/kg) on ileal microbial population and jejuna and ileal histomorphology of broilers fed Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC: 0 and 2%) containing diet. Each of the 6 dietary treatments was replicated 5 times with 12 chicks each from 0 to 42 days of age. There was no interaction effect of CMC and thymol+carvacrol in any measured parameters. At d 42, the ileal population of lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria were greatest (P<0.05) in birds fed 200 mg/kg thymol+carvacrol but 100 mg/kg of additive had no significant difference with two others treatment. The E. coli population was significantly decreased in birds fed 100 and 200 mg/kg thymol+carvacrol. Supplementation of diet with CMC enhanced (P<0.05) ileal count of E. coli and reduced ileal counts of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria as compared to those in chicks fed control diet. Data showed that supplementation of diet with CMC decreased (P<0.05) intestinal histomorphology including jejunal and ileal villus height (VH), villus height to crypt depth (VH: CD) and increased jejunal and ileal villus width (VW), crypt depth (CD) at 21 and 42 days of age as compared to those in chicks fed control diet. Inclusion of 100 and 200 mg/kg thymol+carvacrol improved VH, villus surface (VS), VH: CD and muscular layer (MSL) of jejunum at 21 and 42 days of age and also increased ileal VH, VH: CD, MSL and GC at d 21 and MSL and GC at 42 days of age. Supplementation of diet with CMC decreased (P<0.05) jejunal histomorphology including VH, VH: CD and increased (P<0.05) VW and CD at 21 and 42 days of age as compared to those in chicks fed control diet. At d 21, dietary CMC decreased (P<0.05) VH and in-creased (P<0.05) VW but it did not affect the rest of ileal histomorphological parameters. At d 42, CMC supplementation significantly affected some ileal histomorphological parameters in terms of increasing VW and CD and decreasing VH and VH: CD but the other parameters were not influenced by CMC.

BACKGROUND-Vestibular hyperreactivity (VH) is a disorder which is debated as a cause of vertigo and imbalance. We studied the prevalence of VH in patients with vertigo and the associated actors. MATERIALS AND METHOD -A total number of 156 consecutive patients complaining of unexplained vertigo and imbalance, without any specific diagnosis, were referred to the audiologic clinic for caloric and rotational test (chair with decaying sinusoidal motion during the Summer and Fall of 1997. Data were compared with those of the 45 healthy patients. RESULTS-VH was detected in T3 (8Yo) patients. Contrary to some early reports, no significant statistical relationship was found between this disorder and age, sex, thyroid, gynecology, CNS disorder, or motion sickness. CONCLUSION-The prevalence of VH, the yet unknown disorder, in our country was 8%. Since no documented prevalence rate was found in the pertinent literature, and nor was there any mention of VH as one of the causes of vertigo in most evaluations, the prevalence rate obtained in our study seemed significant, although further studies are warranted. Exact criteria and characteristics of VH and whether it is a newly defined topic or a part of other disorders are not yet clear.

Vaccine hesitancy (VH) has risen significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, becoming a major global health concern. VH is characterized by the delay or refusal of vaccination despite its availability. Various frameworks have been developed to understand the complex factors influencing VH, with attitudes, beliefs, and external influences being the most significant. The surge in VH has reignited the debate on the best approach to address it: persuasive/educational or coercive. Attwell and Hannah studied the political and social reasons behind the adoption of mandatory vaccination in four jurisdictions (Italy, France, Australia, and California) due to declining vaccine coverage below the safety threshold. However, these methods may foster parental disbeliefs and opposition to vaccination campaigns. To combat VH, it is crucial to systematically assess its determinants within specific contexts and population groups. Increasing awareness about vaccination benefits, engaging with social media, and employing tailored strategies can foster spontaneous adherence to vaccination programs, eliminating the need for coercive measures.